Basic Introduction of H-Beam
1. Definition and Basic Structure
Flanges: Two parallel, horizontal plates of uniform width, bearing the primary bending load.
Web: The vertical center section connecting the flanges, resisting shear forces.
The H-beam's name comes from its "H"-like cross-sectional shape. Unlike an I-beam (I-beam), its flanges are wider and flat, providing greater resistance to bending and torsional forces.
2. Technical Features and Specifications
Materials and Standards: Commonly used steel materials include Q235B, A36, SS400 (carbon steel), or Q345 (low-alloy steel), conforming to international standards such as ASTM and JIS.
Size range (typical specifications):
| Part | Parameter range |
| Web height | 100–900 mm |
| Web thickness | 4.5–16 mm |
| Flange width | 100–400 mm |
| Flange thickness | 6–28 mm |
| Length | Standard 12m (customizable) |
Strength advantage: The wide flange design optimizes load distribution, and the bending resistance is more than 30% higher than that of I-beam, making it suitable for heavy-load scenarios.
3. Main Applications
Architectural Structures: Columns in high-rise buildings and roof trusses in large-span factories provide core load-bearing support.
Bridges and Heavy Machinery: Crane girders and bridge girders must withstand dynamic loads and fatigue stress.
Industry and Transportation: Ship decks, train chassis, and equipment foundations rely on their high strength and lightweight properties.
Special Applications: H-type connecting rods in automotive engines (such as the Audi 5-cylinder engine) are forged from 4340 chromium-molybdenum steel to withstand high power and speed.
4. Advantages and Core Features
Economical: A high strength-to-weight ratio reduces material usage and overall costs.
Stability: Excellent combined flexural and torsional properties make it particularly suitable for buildings in earthquake-prone areas or those subject to high wind loads.
Easy Construction: Standardized interfaces simplify connections to other structures (such as welding and bolting), shortening construction time.
Durability: Hot-rolling enhances fatigue resistance, resulting in a service life of over 50 years.
5. Special Types and Variants
Wide Flange Beam (Viga H Alas Anchas): Features wider flanges, used for heavy machinery foundations.
HEB Beam: High-strength parallel flanges, designed for large infrastructure (such as high-speed rail bridges).
Laminated Beam (Viga H Laminada): Hot-rolled for improved weldability, suitable for complex steel structural frames.
Application of H-Beam
1. Building Structures:
Civil Construction: Used in residential and commercial buildings, providing structural support.
Industrial Plants: H-beams are particularly popular for large-span plants and high-rise buildings due to their excellent load-bearing capacity and stability.
High-Rise Buildings: The high strength and stability of H-beams make them an ideal choice for earthquake-prone areas and high-temperature environments.
2. Bridge Engineering:
Large Bridges: H-beams are used in the beam and column structures of bridges, meeting the requirements of large spans and high load-bearing capacity.
3. Other Industries:
Heavy Equipment: H-beams are used to support heavy machinery and equipment.
Highways: Used in bridges and roadbed structures.
Ship Frames: The strength and corrosion resistance of H-beams make them suitable for shipbuilding.
Mine Support: Used in support structures for underground mines.
Ground Improvement and Dam Engineering: H-beams can be used to reinforce foundations and dams.
Machine Components: The variety of sizes and specifications of H-beams also make them a common component in machine manufacturing.
Post time: Jul-30-2025